傳統八支瑜伽繼續存在的根本
The tradition of Ashtanga Yoga is a living one.
八支瑜伽繼承傳統繼續存在
It goes back from Sri K. Pattabhi Jois, Sri Tirumali Krishnamacharya, to Patanjali and Vamana Rishi.
從Sri K. Pattabhi Jois大師開始回溯到Sri Tirumali Krishnamacharya到Patanjali及Vamana Rishi
At its source you will find Lord Vishnu.
溯及本源將發現毗濕奴Vishnu神
The way Sri K. Pattabhi Jois teaches Ashtanga Yoga today is exactly the way he learned it from his guru Krishnamacharya.
Sri K. Pattabhi Jois 現今傳授的八支瑜伽系統和其從Krishnamacharya大師所學的瑜珈系統是相同的
Pattabhi Jois met Krishnamacharya in 1927, studied with him for over 25 years and learned Ashtanga Yoga during this time.
Pattabhi Jois在1927遇Krishnamacharya大師和他學習八支瑜伽超過25年
(reported from Pattabhi Jois, February 2004 摘錄自2004/02 Pattabhi Jois)
Pattabhi Jois wrote a small book, called "Yoga Mala" (Mala = garland), about Ashtanga Yoga from 1958 to 1960.
Pattabhi Jois寫一本小書,書名為"瑜珈精選",是寫從1958-1960間的八支瑜伽
It was published in India in 1962, by one of his students, a coffee planter from Coorg.
本書在1962年出版,由其來自於Coorg種植咖啡的學生出版
The first English translation was published in 1999 by Eddie Stern, an senior student of Pattabhi Jois, in the United States.
第一份的英譯本在1999年由Eddie Stern出版,Eddie Stern是Pattabhi Jois的資深學生美國人
It is still available.
這本書在市面上仍可購得
This book was finished long before the first western student (the Belgian Andre van Lysbeth) came to Pattabhi Jois in 1964.
這本書在很久以前就完成,由比利時人Andre van Lysbeth,他在1964年成為Pattabhi Jois第一位西方的學生
So the book contains a very pure and authentic Ashtaga Yoga.
故這是一本很純正及值得信任的八支瑜伽書
(Yoga Mala瑜珈精選)
If you follow the Ashtanga Yoga tradition one step further back from Pattabhi Jois, you come to Sri Tirumali Krishnamacharya.
若您從Pattabhi Jois更深的追尋八支瑜伽的傳統,其結果是Sri Tirumali Krishnamacharya
This great sage and yogi travelled to the Himalayas around 1916 to learn Yoga.
他是偉大的聖哲及瑜珈修行者,在1916到喜馬拉雅山脈學習瑜珈
There he met his guru Rama Mohan Brahmachari, and spent seven and a half years living with him, learning the Ashtanga Yoga system.
他遇到Rama Mohan Brahmachari大師,學習八支瑜伽系統7年半
In that time he learned (beyond some other scriptures) the "Yoga Karunta" by heart.
在那段時間他學習且記住一本超越其他經典的書-Yoga Karunta
This ancient manuscript is the basis on which the Asana -, Vinyasa - and Bhanda - System of Ashtanga Yoga is founded.
這本古老的抄本基本在探討體位法,串聯動作及能量收束法-八支瑜伽的系統也根據此建立
He also learned the Yoga Sutra, which ise the spiritual and philosophical foundation of Ashtanga Yoga.
他也學習瑜珈經-此經典是八支瑜伽的精神及哲學的基礎
(reported from Pattabhi Jois, February 2004 摘錄自2004/02 Pattabhi Jois)
After Krishnamacharya left his guru around 1924, he began searching for the Yoga Karunta.
1924年Krishnamacharya離開他的大師,他開始尋找Yoga Karunta這本經典
After a great deal of effort he finally tracked down a copy at the Calcutta University library.
在多方努力的追蹤下,在Calcutta大學的圖書館發現一本複製本
Unfortunately, soon after he found it, the book got badly damaged by ants and Krishnamarchaya wasn't able to preserve it.
但不幸的,在他發現此書不久,此書被蟲啃咬損傷嚴重,Krishnamarchaya無法保留此書
So it may be impossible to verify its authenticity.
因此已不可能被確認其純正性
"Karunta" means "groups" and it is said that its text contained the exact groupings of Asana.
"Karunta" 的意思是'集合"亦即此書是體位法的精選集
Everything about Vinyasa, Bhanda, Drishti, Asana and the whole six sequences as they are taught up to now was contained within this manuscript.
一直延續至今的教學體系均在此抄本,其內容包含串聯動作,能量收束法,凝視點 體位法和整個6級系列
The "Yoga Karunta" thus forms the foundation of the practical part of Ashtanga Yoga.
"Yoga Karunta" 是形成八支瑜伽實際修練部分的基礎
(reported from Pattabhi Jois, February 2004 摘錄自2004/02 Pattabhi Jois)
The "Yoga Karunta" is attributed to the sage Vamana Rishi.
Vamana Rishi聖哲寫下"Yoga Karunta" 經典
He is said to have come to earth when Ashtanga Yoga was forgotten, and a sage was needed to bring it back to mankind.
當八支瑜伽被遺忘須有一位聖哲將祂帶回人間
Vamana Rishi incarnated for this task and learned the whole Ashtanga Yoga system from lord Vishnu while in the womb of his mother.
Vamana Rishi為了其學習源自於毗濕奴神的八支瑜伽系統任務,投胎在其母親的子宮內化身為人
After the normal time of pregnancy was over, Vamana was still not finished with his learning.
在正常的懷孕期結束後,Vamana仍未學成
According to legend, he refused to be born until he had finished his studies of Ashtanga Yoga.
根據傳說,他拒絕出生,一直到他學成八支瑜伽才出生
(reported from Pattabhi Jois, February 2004 摘錄自2004/02 Pattabhi Jois)
The "Yoga Sutras" are not hard to find.
瑜珈經較易取得
They are available in many translations and commentaries.
可買到有許多的譯本及註解本
According to Western research the "Yoga Sutras" were written between 400 and 200 B.C..
根據西方學者研究瑜珈經約在西元前400-200年寫成
Hindu mythology dates them much earlier, about 10 000 B.C..
印度神話記載則更早在西元前10000年
The "Yoga Sutra" is the primary text of the science of classical yoga, in which the author, Patanjali, collated and systematized the existing techniques and knowledge of Yoga.
瑜珈經是古典瑜珈專門技術的主要文本,由其作者Patanjali整理及系統化瑜珈的技術及知識而成
The Yoga Sutras definie Yoga as: "yogash citta-vrtti-nirodha", which means: "Yoga is calmness of waves in the mind."
瑜珈經定義瑜珈為: "yogash citta-vrtti-nirodha", 其意思為"瑜珈是靜心"
Only with a calm mind can the true nature of being be experienced.
只有一顆平靜的心靈才能體驗真正的本質
To achieve this aim, the path described in the Yoga Sutras is made up at eight limbs:
為了達此目標,瑜珈經將此修練道路分為八支組成
Yama (moral observance) 道德誡律
Niyama (inner integrity) 精進
Asana (postures) 體位法
Pranayama (breath control) 呼吸控制法
Pratyahara (sensory withdrawal) 攝心
Dharana (concentration) 凝神
Dhyana (meditation) 入定
Samadhi (contemplation) 三摩地
This eight limb way to a calm mind gave Ashtanga Yoga its name.
八支瑜伽的命名來自此平靜心靈的八支方法(Ashta = Eight八; Anga = limb分支; Yoga = Calmness of waves in the mind靜心)
(Yoga Sutras瑜珈經)
Patanjali, the author of the "Yoga Sutras" is said to have been incarnation of Adisesa, the serpent protecting Lord Vishnu.
瑜珈經的作者Patanjali傳說他是毗濕奴神的護身蛇Adisesa轉世為人
Lord Vishnu sleeps on him in the ocean of being.
毗濕奴神沉睡在其所屬的海洋
Patanjali was born to a woman named Gonica, a very sinecures yogini.
Patanjali的母親Gonica是一位全職的瑜珈修行者
As she was offering her prayer to the Sun God Surya, a small snake appeared in her hands and took human form.
當她向太陽神Surya禮拜祈禱時,一條小蛇出現在她的手且化為人形
It asked Gonica to accept Patanjali as her son.
祂要求Gonica接受Patanjali 當她的兒子
She followed its wish and named him Patanjali, a discription of the way he was born; "fallen prayer"
(Pata = fallen降下; anjali = prayer祈禱者).
她答應了將祂命名為Patanjali,形容祂的出生"天降的祈禱者"
(a quite common Hindu tale摘錄自印度神話故事)
But the roots of the Vinyasa System of Ashtanga Yoga can be found much earlier.
但八支瑜伽的串聯動作系統,可更早被發現
They reach back to the first written documents of mankind - the Vedas.
研究發現在吠陀 第一本被人類寫成的經典內已有記載
There are four Vedas: The Rigveda, the Yajurveda, the Samaveda and the Atharvanaveda.
有四種吠陀 :梨俱吠陀,夜柔吠陀,沙磨吠陀及阿闥婆吠陀
Two contain hints about the Asthanga Vinyasa Yoga practice and to the Vinyasa system.
兩種內容暗示包含八支串聯瑜伽的串聯動作系統
The first to be written was the Rigveda, which is believed to date back to 8000 BC.
第一次約在西元前8000年寫於梨俱吠陀
Yajurveda came a bit later, but is still a very ancient text.
夜柔吠陀較晚出現,此仍為是很古老的經典
In both you can find explanations of moving and breathing, especially in Suryanamaskara.
特別在拜日式亦可發現動作與呼吸的解釋
The physical and spiritual benefits are also detailed.
身體及心靈的受益亦被詳載
In Yajurveda there is a mantra called Aruna Mantra, which puts the Vinyasa Count for Suryanamaskara A at nine.
在Yajurveda有一Aruna 祈禱梵咒將拜日式 A 的串聯動作數定為九
In the Maha Saura Mantra of Rigveda the Vinyasa count of Suryanamskara B is numbered through to seventeen - just as it is now.
在Rigveda的Maha Saura 祈禱梵咒將現今的拜日式 B 的串聯動作數定為十七
(reported from Pattabhi Jois, February 2004摘錄自2004/02 Pattabhi Jois)
Note:
1.本文譯自http://ashtangayoga.info/ashtanga-yoga/living-yoga-tradition.html
2.Sri K. Pattabhi Jois 所寫的"Yoga Mala瑜珈精選"書,可從Amazon網路書局購得
詳 http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0865476624/sr=8-1/qid=1145542626/ref=pd_bbs_1/104-4840168-6946355?%5Fencoding=UTF8
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