摘要自http://www.yogajournal.com/wisdom/465_1.cfm
1. 4大門徒
his four most famous disciples—Jois, Iyengar, Devi, and Krishnamacharya's son, T.K.V. Desikachar.
Indra Devi*Krishnamacharya瑜珈系統是Iyengar, Ashtanga及 Viniyoga瑜珈系統的根源（Krishnamacharya-based styles）。
He never crossed an ocean, but Krishnamacharya's yoga has spread through Europe, Asia, and the Americas.
Krishnamacharya不曾漂洋過海，但其瑜珈系統卻傳遍歐洲，亞洲及美洲。
2.第二代門徒
Rodney Yee, who appears in many popular videos, studied with Iyengar.
華人Rodney Yee出版許多瑜珈教學影像的瑜珈老師，他的老師是B.K.S. Iyengar。
Richard Hittleman, a well-known TV yogi of the 1970s, trained with Devi.
Richard Hittleman在1970年代很有名的電視瑜珈修行者，他的老師是Indra Devi。
3.簡史
The yoga world Krishnamacharya inherited at his birth in 1888.
瑜珈世界傳承自Krishnamacharya的出生1888年
his father initiated him into yoga at age five.
在5歲時他的父親開始教他瑜珈
Sri Ramamohan Brahmachari, one of the few remaining hatha yoga masters.
他的瑜珈老師Sri Ramamohan Brahmachari是印度少數的哈達瑜珈大師
he lived with his spouse and three children in a remote cave.
Brahmachari和他太太及3個小孩住在人跡罕至的洞穴
he spent seven years with this teacher.
Krishnamacharya跟他老師學習7年
he mastered 3,000 asanas and developed some of his most remarkable skills, such as stopping his pulse.
Krishnamacharya學會了3000多種體位法及發展了特別的功法ex.停止脈搏。
Brahmachari asked his loyal student to return to his homeland to teach yoga and establish a household.
Brahmachari要求他的忠實學生回到自己的故鄉教瑜珈及成立自己的家庭。
In the 1920s, teaching yoga wasn't profitable. Krishnamacharya was forced to take a job as a foreman at a coffee plantation.
在1920年代在印度教瑜珈是不被允許的。Krishnamacharya回鄉後找到一份種植咖啡的工作。
To teach people about yoga, Krishnamacharya felt, he first had to get their attention. These demonstrations, included suspending his pulse, stopping cars with his bare hands, performing difficult asanas, and lifting heavy objects with his teeth.
Krishnamacharya發覺要教人瑜珈前第一應先讓人注意。他示範表演包括：暫停脈搏、用空手停下汽車、表演困難的體位法及用牙齒舉起重物。
Krishnamacharya's fortunes improved in 1931 when he received an invitation to teach at the Sanskrit College in Mysore.
在Mysore的Sanskrit學院教授瑜珈Thus began one of Krishnamacharya's most fertile periods, during which he developed what is now known as Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga.
Krishnamacharya最有創造力的時期-他發展出目前很有名的八支串聯瑜伽
Krishnamacharya standardized the pose sequences into three series consisting of primary, intermediate, and advanced asanas.
Krishnamacharya將體位法標準化分成3級- primary, intermediate, 及 advanced 體位法。
Perhaps this method, originally designed for youngsters, provides our high-energy, outwardly-focused culture with an approachable gateway to a path of deeper spirituality.
也許八支串聯瑜伽原始為年輕瑜珈士設計，提供我們高能量及外在集中的文化，是進入更深沉精神世界的閘道。
Though Krishnamacharya developed this manner of performing yoga during the 1930s, it remained virtually unknown in the West for almost 40 years. Recently, it's become one of the most popular styles of yoga, mostly due to the work of one of Krishnamacharya's most faithful and famous students, K. Pattabhi Jois.
雖Krishnamacharya在1930年代發展此瑜珈系統，但在此後40年後西方世界仍不認識他。近來八支串聯瑜伽變成最受歡迎的瑜珈系統是因為其最忠實及有名的學生K. Pattabhi Jois.
4. K. Pattabhi Jois
As a robust boy of 12, Jois attended one of Krishnamacharya's lectures.
K. Pattabhi Jois在12歲時參加Krishnamacharya的演講
Jois asked Krishnamacharya to teach him yoga. Lessons started the next day, hours before the school bell rang, and continued every morning for three years until Jois left home to attend the Sanskrit College.
之後K. Pattabhi Jois要求Krishnamacharya教他瑜珈。隔天在上學前Jois開始學瑜珈持續3年一直到他到梵語大學教瑜珈課為止。
5. 瑜珈第一夫人Indra Devi
she was born Zhenia Labunskaia, in pre-Soviet Latvia
她出生在Zhenia Labunskaia前蘇聯 拉脫維亞
At first, Krishnamacharya refused to teach her. He told her that his school accepted neither foreigners nor women.
一開始Krishnamacharya拒絕教她因在其瑜珈學校不教外國人也不教女士
But Devi persisted, persuading the Maharaja to prevail on his Brahmin. Reluctantly, Krishnamacharya started her lessons
但Devi堅持最後說服Krishnamacharya開始教她瑜珈
After a year-long apprenticeship, Krishnamacharya instructed Devi to become a yoga teacher.
經一年的學習Krishnamacharya訓練Devi變成一位瑜珈老師
Over the years after her studies with Krishnamacharya, Devi founded the first school of yoga in Shanghai, China, where Madame Chiang Kai-Shek became her student.
與Krishnamacharya又經一年的學習, Devi在中國上海成立第一所瑜珈學校,蔣介石先生的夫人亦是其學生
In 1947 she moved to the United States. Living in Hollywood, she became known as the "First Lady of Yoga,"
在1947年她搬到美國駐在好萊塢，成為有名的” 瑜珈第一夫人”
she moved to Argentina in 1985. Argentina's President Menem came for her blessings and advice.
在1985年她搬到阿根廷。阿根廷總統Menem拜訪她接受其祝福及建議
Though Devi died in April, 2002 at the age of 102, her six yoga schools are still active in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Until three years ago, she still taught asanas.
雖Devi在2002年4月離開人世享年102歲，但她創辦的6個瑜珈學校仍然在阿根廷首都布宜諾斯艾利斯運作。一直到3年前她仍教授體位法。
6. B.K.S. Iyengar
Krishnamacharya's wife was Iyengar's sister
Krishnamacharya的太太是Iyengar的姊姊
And, like Krishnamacharya, Iyengar never hesitated to innovate. He largely abandoned his mentor's vinyasa style of practice. Instead, he constantly researched the nature of internal alignment, considering the effect of every body part, even the skin, in developing each pose.
和Krishnamacharya一樣Iyengar不曾停止創新。他放棄他老師的串聯動作型式的練習。取而代之的是他繼續深入研究內在與自然的結合，思考體位法對身體每一部份的影響，甚至包含皮膚，發展每一體位法。
It's hard to imagine how our yoga would look without Iyengar's contributions, especially his precisely detailed, systematic articulation of each asana, his research into therapeutic applications, and his multi-tiered, rigorous training system which has produced so many influential teachers.
很難想像若瑜珈無Iyengar的貢獻會變成如何，尤其是在對每一體位法精確細節的解釋及有系統的連接，他的研究進入到治療的應用，其多階層及精確嚴格的訓練系統深深的影響後進的瑜珈老師。
7. T.K.V. Desikachar
Although born into a family of yogis.
Desikachar出身於瑜珈家庭【其父親是Krishnamacharya】
As a child, he ran away when his father asked him to do asanas.
在小時候當他父親要求他練瑜珈他總是逃跑。
After graduating from college with a degree in engineering.
He was en route to Delhi, where he'd been offered a good job with a European firm.
他主修工程大學畢業，在德里的一家歐洲外商工作。
One morning, The car stopped and a middle-aged, European-looking woman sprang from the backseat, shouting "Professor, Professor!" She dashed up to Krishnamacharya, threw her arms around him, and hugged him.
一天早上，有一台車來訪，一位中年歐洲婦人從後座突然出現，向Krishnamacharya大叫：”老師”。她跑向Krishnamacharya且擁抱他。
When the woman left, "Why?!?" was all Desikachar could stammer. Krishnamacharya explained that the woman had been studying yoga with him. Thanks to Krishnamacharya's help, she had managed to fall asleep the previous evening without drugs for the first time in 20 years.
當那婦人離開，Desikachar結結巴巴的問說：”怎麼了!?”
Krishnamacharya解釋那婦人曾和他學過瑜珈
她感謝Krishnamacharya的幫忙讓她治好已20年的失眠症，
現已可不靠安眠藥而安眠。
Perhaps Desikachar's reaction to this revelation was providence or karma; certainly, this evidence of the power of yoga provided a curious epiphany that changed his life forever. In an instant, he resolved to learn what his father knew.
也許Desikachar一開始反應這事情是天意或業障。
但無疑地這事件證明了瑜珈有難以理解的神奇力量顯現。
此永遠的改變他的人生。在這一剎那他下定決心要傳承其父親之所知。
Krishnamacharya didn't welcome his son's newfound interest in yoga. He rejected the Delhi job, found work at a local firm, and pestered his father for lessons.
雖Krishnamacharya並不歡迎他的兒子重新對瑜珈感興趣。但他辭掉在德里的工作，重新找在老家的在地公司工作，糾纏他的父親教他瑜珈課。
Krishnamacharya required Desikachar to begin lessons at 3:30 every morning. Desikachar agreed to submit to his father's requirements .
The lessons were to go on for 28 years.
Krishnamacharya要求Desikachar每天早上3:30開始上課。Desikacha答應他父親的要求。
這課程持續進行28年。
During the years of tutoring his son. He came to divide yoga practice into three stages representing youth, middle, and old age: First, develop muscular power and flexibility; second, maintain health during the years of working and raising a family; finally, go beyond the physical practice to focus on God.
在這段教導其而子這些年，Krishnamacharya將瑜珈練習分成三階段：
1. 年輕-注重肌肉力量發展及柔軟度。
2. 中年-維持經多年工作及持家的健康保健。
3. 老年-除了身體鍛鍊外強調於神的方面
Desikachar realized that his father felt that every action should be an act of devotion, that every asana should lead toward inner calm. Krishnamacharya's emphasis on the breath was meant to convey spiritual implications along with physiological benefits. Krishnamacharya described the cycle of breath as an act of surrender: "Inhale, and God approaches you. Hold the inhalation, and God remains with you. Exhale, and you approach God. Hold the exhalation, and surrender to God."
Desikachar認知到他父親覺得每一體位法均需引導至內在的平靜。
Krishnamacharya強調呼吸是隨著身體的助益轉換到精神的蘊含。
他形容呼吸循環是：”吸氣，神與你接近。繼續吸氣，神與你一起。吐氣，你接近神。繼續吐氣，你臣服於神。”
During the last years of his life, Krishnamacharya introduced Vedic chanting into yoga practice, always adjusting the number of verses to match the time the student should hold the pose. This technique can help students maintain focus, and it also provides them with a step toward meditation.
在Krishnamacharya生命最後的幾年，他在瑜珈練習中引進了梵咒。調整梵咒的節奏配合體位法停留的時間。這技術可幫助學生維持專注也提供進一步朝向禪定。
Today Desikachar extends his father's legacy by overseeing the Krishnamacharya Yoga Mandiram in Chennai, India. In India, he's still better known as a healer than as a yogi. His organization provides yoga classes for children, including the disabled.
今日Desikachar在印度Chennai仍延伸其父親Krishnamacharya瑜珈至海外的傳奇。在印度他仍以一位治療師成名，比當一位瑜珈修練者更有名。他提供給小孩及殘障人士瑜珈課程。
2007/1/25初稿摘要譯完,請指教
moli
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